İşyerinde yaşanan olaylara yönelik adalet algısı ve duygusal değerlendirmelerin çalışanların tutum ve davranışları üzerindeki etkileri

TÜBİTAK SOBAG Proje01.12.2010Bu çalışmanın amacı çalışanların işlerine yönelik tutum ve davranışlarını yordamada örgütsel adalet kuramı ve duygusal olaylar kuramını entegre eden bir modeli ampirik olarak test etmektir. Öne sürülen model kapsamında, iş yerinde günlük olarak yaşanan pozitif ve negatif olaylar ve bu olayların çalışanların adalet algıları ve duygu durumları üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra, çalışanların işyerinde deneyimledikleri duygu durumlarının çalışanların iş doyumu, örgütsel yurttaşlık davranışları ve üretimiengelleyen/zararlı davranışları gibi işe yönelik tutum ve davranışları üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışanların işyerinde yaşadıkları olaylara yönelik duygusal değerlendirmelerinin, adalet algıları ile kurumsal tutum ve davranışları arasındaki ilişkiye ne derecede aracılık ettikleri çalışmada öne sürülen model kapsamında test edilmiştir. Bu amaçla, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Teknoparkı bünyesindeki yazılım şirketlerinde çalışan 50 adet bilgisayar yazılım uzmanından 10 işgünü boyunca günlük anket verisi toplanmıştır ve katılımcılardan gün içinde yaşadıkları önemli olayları rapor etmeleri ve bu olaya yönelik adalet değerlendirmelerini, duygusal tepkilerini ve günlük tutum ve davranışlarını belirtmeleri istenmiştir. Tespit edilen gündelik olayların içerik analizi sonucunda işle ilgili olaylar, amirle ilişkiler, iş arkadaşlarıyla ilişkiler ve kurum politikaları başlıklı temel olay kategorileri tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin Hiyerarşik-Doğrusal Modelleme yazılımı ile analizi sonucunda işte yaşanan gündelik olaylara yönelik adalet algısı arttıkça çalışanların daha çok olumlu duygular ve daha az negatif duygular hissettiği tespit edilmiştir. Olay-temelli adalet algısı olumlu duygulara neden olmakta ve bu olumlu duygular çalışanların iş doyumunu artırmaktadır. Diğer yandan, yaşadıkları olayı adaletsiz olarak değerlendiren kişiler olumsuz duygular (örn., kızgın, tedirgin) hissetmekte ve bu olumsuz duygular sonucunda işyerinde daha fazla sayıda zararlı davranış (örn., işten kaytarmak, işyerine zarar vermek, malzeme çalmak, iş arkadaşlarına kötü davranmak, v.b.) sergilemektedirler.Aim of this study was to empirically test a model for the prediction of employee attitudes and behaviors by integrating the concept of organizational justice into the Affective Events Theory framework. As part of the proposed model, daily positive and negative work events and justice perceptions about these events and their effects on employee affective reactions at work were examined. Moreover, influences of employee affective reactions on employee attitudes and behaviors; such as job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior and counterproductive work behavior; were investigated. We also tested the extent to which affective reactions to work events mediate the relationship between event-based justice perceptions and daily employee attitudes and behaviors. Daily survey data were collected across 10 workdays from 50 computer software developers employed in various software companies operating in the Technopark of the Middle East Technical University. For each day, participants were asked to report a significant daily work event, their justice evaluations about the work event, their affective reactions to the work event, and also their daily job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior and counterproductive work behavior. Content analysis of the work events revealed major categories such as “work related events,” “relations with the supervisor,” “relations with the coworkers,” and “organizational policies.” As a result of data analysis using Hierarchical Linear Modeling, high levels of event-based justice perceptions were found to be associated with increased positive affective reactions and decreased negative affective reactions, which in turn contributed to higher levels of employee job satisfaction. On the other hand, perceptions of injustice and unfairness about the daily work events were associated with negative affective reactions (e.g., anger, nervousness), which in turn resulted in increased levels of counterproductive work behaviors, such as sabotage, theft, and similar dysfunctional work behaviors

Patterns and universals of mate poaching across 53 nations : the effects of sex, culture, and personality on romantically attracting another person’s partner

As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, 16,954 participants from 53 nations were administered an anonymous survey about experiences with romantic attraction. Mate poaching--romantically attracting someone who is already in a relationship--was most common in Southern Europe, South America, Western Europe, and Eastern Europe and was relatively infrequent in Africa, South/Southeast Asia, and East Asia. Evolutionary and social-role hypotheses received empirical support. Men were more likely than women to report having made and succumbed to short-term poaching across all regions, but differences between men and women were often smaller in more gender-egalitarian regions. People who try to steal another's mate possess similar personality traits across all regions, as do those who frequently receive and succumb to the poaching attempts by others. The authors conclude that human mate-poaching experiences are universally linked to sex, culture, and the robust influence of personal dispositions.peer-reviewe

A Worker-Oriented Job Analysis Procedure in a Manufacturing Organization

status: publishe

Individual Differences as Predictors of Illicit Drug Use Among Turkish College Students

Although the prevalence of drug use in the young adult population in Turkey is still far below the figures reported for most European Union countries and the United States, there seems to be a noteworthy increase in drug use, especially among high school and college students. The purpose of the present study was to examine the extent of drug use among college students in Turkey and to identify some of the individual-difference variables associated with drug use. Participants were 781 college students. A survey package including (a) measures of sensation seeking-risk taking, self-esteem, affectivity level, global mental health, overall life satisfaction, and the rate and nature of substance use and (b) demographic questions was administered to the participants during regularly held class meetings. A logistic regression analysis revealed that sensation seeking-risk taking, parental education level, smoking, and frequency of alcohol use predicted illicit drug experience. Implications of the findings and limitations of the study are discussed using the context of the study as a framework

Do Employees Leave Just Because They Can? Examining the Perceived Employability-Turnover Intentions Relationship

The relationship between perceived employability and turnover intentions seems much more complicated than what the common sense would suggest. Based on the reviewed literature, it was expected that job satisfaction, affective commitment, and perceived job security would moderate this relationship. Using a sample of working individuals from different occupations and sectors (N = 721), it was found that employees who perceived themselves as highly employable were more likely to have turnover intentions when their affective commitment was low and perceived job security was high; and the relationship was negative for employees with shorter tenures. Understanding the conditions under which perceived employability is associated with turnover intentions may help organizations design human resource policies that allow them to retain an educated and competent workforc

Mental Rotation of Bodily Shapes and Shepard-Metzler Cubes

Mental rotation is defined as the process of imagining an object rotated into a different orientation in space. In their classic study, Shepard & Metzler (1971) presented their participants with two visual stimuli (block shapes) and later asked if they were the same or mirror images of each other. Sayeki (1981) added a human head to Shepard-Metzler cubes and showed that these figures increased mental rotation speed and reduced error rates. Amorim, Isableu and Jarraya (2006) manipulated the visual similarity between Shepard-Metzler cubes and human figure in a series of experiments and showed that shape matching of human postures had a cognitive advantage. In the current study, a novel version of the mental rotation task was developed. Different configurations of a human-like body were rotated, and these rotations were depicted either with Shepard-Metzler cubes or a human-like doll. Results are discussed in relation to advantages of embodiment in performance.status: publishe

Testing Practices and Attitudes Toward Tests and Testing : An International Survey

On behalf of the International Test Commission and the European Federation of Psychologists' Associations a world-wide survey on the opinions of professional psychologists on testing practices was carried out. The main objective of this study was to collect data for a better understanding of the state of psychological testing worldwide. These data could guide the actions and measures taken by ITC, EFPA, and other stakeholders. A questionnaire was administered to 20,467 professional psychologists from 29 countries. Five scales were constructed relating to: concern over incorrect test use, regulations on tests and testing, internet and computerized testing, appreciation of tests, and knowledge and training relating to test use. Equivalence across countries was evaluated using the alignment method, four scales demonstrated acceptable levels of invariance. Multilevel analysis was used to determine how scores were related to age, gender, and specialization, as well as how scores varied between countries. Although the results show a high appreciation of tests in general, the appreciation of internet and computerized testing is much lower. These scales show low variability over countries, whereas differences between countries on the other reported scales are much greater. This implies the need for some overarching improvements as well as country-specific actions

Open educational resources: the role of OCW, blogs and videos in computer network classrooms

This paper analyzes the learning experiences and opinions obtained from a group of undergraduate students in their interaction with several on-line multimedia resources included in a free on-line course about Computer Networks. These new educational resources employed are based on the Web 2.0 approach such as blogs, videos and virtual labs which have been added in a web-site for distance self-learning.This work was supported in part by the Education Science Institute and the Technology & Educational Innovation Vice-President Office of the University of Alicante through the aid “Technologic & Educative Research Groups”